Alfama is the oldest and most characterful district of Lisbon.
It is a delightful maze of narrow cobbled streets and traditional houses that meander up a steep hill from the banks of the Rio Tejo to the São Jorge castle.

Within Alfama, you'll find many of Lisbon's most iconic historic buildings, including the Sé Cathedral, the Castelo de São Jorge, the Panteão Nacional and the Igreja de Santo António.

Historically, Alfama was situated outside of the castle walls and was home to many of the city's poorer residents. As Lisbon grew into a major seafaring city, the district retained its gritty status as a tough and disadvantaged area, home to sailors and dockers. Today, Alfama has transformed from its humble origins into a fashionable and artisanal district, while preserving its unique character and rich heritage.

Alfama is a joy to discover and is often best explored by simply getting lost within its labyrinth of alleys and side streets. Around every corner is a delightful plaza, a trendy café or an independent shop, with steep climbs rewarded by stunning panoramic views.

 

 

If you are new to Lisbon, Alfama makes an ideal base from which to begin your discovery of the city. This article provides an introduction to Alfama, helping you get the most from your visit to this fascinating district.
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Fado music – This haunting and melancholic style of music originated in Alfama and was sung by sailors' wives longing for their husbands at sea. Traditionally, fado is sung by a woman and accompanied by a classical Portuguese guitar. (guide to Fado music)

Castelo de São Jorge – This ancient castle of Lisbon stands at the highest point of Alfama. Its battlements provide spectacular views across the city, while at its centre is heavily fortified from which early Portuguese kings ruled from.   (Guide to the Castelo de São Jorge).

The number 28 tram route – Lisbon's iconic tram route twists and rattles through Alfama's narrow streets in charming vintage yellow 'Remodelado' carriages from the 1930s, offering both practical transport and a memorable sightseeing experience.    (Guide to the 28 tram).

Feira da Ladra – This delightful flea market fills the Campo de Santa Clara every Tuesday and Saturday morning. Browse antiques, second-hand goods and local crafts in one of Lisbon's oldest markets, dating back to the 12th century. (Guide to Feira da Ladra).

Miradouro de Santa Luzia – Hidden behind the Santa Luzia church, this pretty garden provides some of the finest views over Alfama and the Tejo Estuary. (Guide to Lisbon’s best viewpoints)

While wandering Alfama's charming streets is delightful, exploring without direction might mean missing its key sights.

Below is our recommended tour route through Alfama, which takes 3-4 hours to complete. The yellow line shows an optional extension to the Graça district and its spectacular viewpoint, though be prepared for a challenging uphill climb. (Note: Zoom in or out to see all points on the map)

Sights along the route: 1) Santo António Church 2) Lisbon Cathedral 3) Roman Theatre (ruins) 4) Santa Luzia view point 5) Lisbon Castle 6) Portas do Sol plaza 7) Museu do Fado 8) Rua dos Remédios (shopping street) 9) Panteão Nacional 10) São Vicente de Fora church 11) Graça Plaza 12) Miradouro da Graça viewpoint 13) Graça convent 14) Arco de Jesus 15) Casa dos Bicos 16) Largo José Saramago

Alfama sprawls across two steep hills—one rising from the Tejo Estuary to the castle, and another leading up to the Graça district.

Exploring this district inevitably means climbing steep paths and numerous staircases, as flat areas are scarce. Add in the cobbled streets, narrow footpaths and limited vehicle access, and Alfama can become physically challenging to explore, particularly during summer's heat.

Insider tip: Begin your sightseeing tour of Alfama from the Largo da Graça (11), which is the highest point most visitors head to. From here everything is a downhill walk. To reach the Largo da Graça, either catch an Uber or Bolt, or take the 28 tram from Martim Moniz or Rua da Conceição in Baixa (link to google maps). If you want to just go to the castle, the number 737 bus route connects Praça da Figueira with the Castelo bus stop, just outside the castle entrance

While wandering in Alfama, expect to climb lots of steps – this is the side street leading to the Arco de Jesus

Alfama's labyrinth of twisting back streets makes it easy to lose your bearings, particularly between Portas do Sol (6) and Largo do Chafariz de Dentro (7). If you do get lost, remember a simple rule: head downhill and you will eventually reach the Tejo waterfront.

There is very little public transport in Alfama, and most visitors use the 12 tram or 28 tram,  which both follow the same route. The trams can be very crowded during the day, so please be extremely cautious with valuables as they are notorious for skilled pickpockets. The 737 bus is a good option to be dropped near the castle.

The metro stations serving Alfama (Terreiro do Paço and Santa Apolónia) are poorly positioned for exploring the area, with both being situated on the extreme edges of the district. As they are on the waterfront, you will be walking uphill from them.

Santa Apolónia metro station is below the Santa Apolónia train station – the main intercity train station of Lisbon

The Largo José Saramago plaza sits next to the Tejo Estuary waterfront

A craft market held on the Largo do Chafariz de Dentro, with the pink Museu do Fado to the rear

Alfama is a popular and characterful district, and is an ideal base for your holiday to Lisbon. This historically dense residential area has seen many of its traditional houses being converted into charming rental apartments and small personable hotels.

Alfama is within the main tourist area of Lisbon and within easy walking distance of the Baixa district and the nightlife area of Bairro Alto. Do note the word walk, as the lack of public transport and narrow roads means you will be doing a lot of walking unless you are close to either metro station.
Related articles: Where to stay in Lisbon?

The map below shows the best accommodation and hotels to be found within the Alfama district. If you adjust it to suit your holiday dates, it will show the latest prices and availability:

Booking.com

With so many hills in Alfama, there are a number of fantastic viewpoints from which you can enjoy the stunning scenery.

The most famous is the Miradouro das Portas do Sol. This overlooks the patchwork of orange roofs and whitewashed houses extending down to the modern cruise terminal, where huge cruise ships can be seen towering over the waterfront. This is one of the most popular viewpoints in Lisbon and is on the main tourist route that follows the 28 tram past the Sé Cathedral.

The Miradouro de Santa Luzia provides the same amazing view as the Portas do Sol, but it is less hectic. It is situated behind the Igreja de Santa Luzia church, and has the added bonus of being set within a pretty garden.

The Miradouro da Graça lies on the edge of the Graça district and provides stunning views across the Baixa district and the Castelo de São Jorge. It is a very steep walk up to the viewpoint, but at the top you will find a popular kiosk and evening hangout. Further uphill is the Miradouro da Senhora do Monte. This is the finest viewpoint of Lisbon, but it is a long and challenging walk from Alfama.

You will also find outstanding views from the battlements of Lisbon castle, a viewpoint known as the Miradouro do Castelo de São Jorge. The roof of the Panteão Nacional provides panoramic views over eastern Lisbon and the Tejo Estuary, but unfortunately not of Lisbon's historic centre.
Related guides: Lisbon's best view points - Where to watch the sunset

The Miradouro das Portas do Sol

The Miradouro da Graça

The Miradouro do Castelo de São Jorge

The view from the roof of the Panteão Nacional

Alfama nightlife could be considered a much calmer version of the Bairro Alto district, consisting mostly of late-night restaurants and bars. Most bars in Alfama are small, often with just a handful of tables, giving them a personable and intimate atmosphere. Alfama is not for wild nights; it’s a place to chat and socialize with friends. Some of the best bars in Alfama include:
Memmo Alfama Wine Bar  - Stylish rooftop bar with phenomenal views and an extensive wine list.
Outro Lado - Cozy craft beer bar with a great selection of Portuguese and international beers.
Crafty Corner - Top-rated for its wide range of craft beers and relaxed vibe.
Medrosa d'Alfama - Popular bar serving Portuguese petiscos  with wine and beer in a traditional setting.
Tejo Bar - Authentic dive bar loved by locals for its no-frills atmosphere and affordable drinks.

Alfama can be an inexpensive day trip if you choose to wander the district, enter the free religious buildings and admire the viewpoints. Entrance fees and costs are:
• A ride on the number 28 tram – €3.10
• Lisbon Castle entrance fee – €15.00
• Sé Cathedral entrance fee – Free
• Sé cloisters and treasury - €5.00
• Museu de Santo António - €3.00
• Roman Amphitheatre – Free
• Museu de Teatro Romano - €3.00
• Panteão Nacional - €8.00
• Fado Museum - €5.00
• Metro single ticket – €1.85

Alfama is the oldest section of Lisbon because it largely survived the devastating earthquake of 1755 that destroyed much of the city. The district's location on a solid rock hill reduced the impact of the earthquake's shockwaves, and its elevation protected it from the subsequent tsunami's flooding.

Consequently, Alfama's streets still follow the original medieval layout, remaining mostly unchanged since the city's early days.

The best tourist attraction of the Alfama district is the Castelo de São Jorge. This castle has been entwined with Portugal’s early history and was the location in which the Christian Crusaders defeated the North African Moors in 1147. The castle’s importance waned from the 15th century and was badly damaged by the 1755 earthquake, but was restored to its former magnificence in the 1940s.

For your visit, there is a lot to see in the castle, including the fortified keep, a museum and views from the battlements. A typical visit lasts 1 hour, and the adult entrance fee is €15.
Related articles: Guide to Lisbon castle

The main keep of the castle

One of the most enjoyable activities in Alfama is riding the iconic number 28 tram. This historic tram route connects the districts of Graça and Estrela, with the most scenic section passing through the charming streets of Alfama.

Due to the narrow and steep nature of the route, modern trams cannot navigate it, so the traditional Remodelado trams from the 1930s are still in use, offering a unique journey through one of Lisbon's most beloved neighbourhoods.
Related articles: The 28 tram

The E28 as it passes through the Largo das Portas do Sol

The Feira da Ladra is Lisbon's oldest flea market, held every Tuesday and Saturday on the Campo de Santa Clara street near the Panteão Nacional. Originating in the 13th century and established in its current location since 1882, the market offers a vibrant array of items, from antiques and collectibles to vintage clothing and books.

Despite its name, which translates to "Market of the Female Thieves," it is a safe and lively spot, attracting tourists and locals alike. The market opens at 8 am, and while it officially ends at 2 pm, the best deals are usually found before 11 am. Visitors are advised to bring cash, and be prepared to haggle for the stand out items.

The market contains a wide range of stalls

The Sé de Lisboa is the solid and imposing cathedral that dates from the 12th century. The cathedral is a blend of Gothic and Romanesque styles and its interior is very austere when compared to the extravagance of the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos or numerous baroque churches in Lisbon.

The cathedral was constructed on the site of a major mosque and excavations of this original structure can be seen in gothic cloisters to the rear of the cathedral.
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The magnificent Sé Cathedral

Saint Anthony is the patron saint of Lisbon, and the church dedicated to him was constructed on his birthplace.

Saint Anthony was born in 1195 but the Baroque-Rococo styled church dates from 1767, as the original church was destroyed by the devasting 1755 earthquake.
Related articles: Igreja de Santo António de Lisboa

The Panteão Nacional, located in the Church of Santa Engrácia in Lisbon, is a significant monument that serves as the final resting place for many of Portugal's important figures. Originally built in the 17th century and designated as the National Pantheon in the 20th century, it houses the tombs of notable personalities such as poet Luís de Camões, explorers Vasco da Gama and Henry the Navigator, and several Portuguese presidents. The Pantheon's baroque architecture, with its impressive dome and marble interior, makes it a notable cultural and historical landmark.

Fado is an emotional and sorrowful style of music that originated in the tough neighborhoods where sailors' families lived. Sung by a solo singer and accompanied by a traditional Portuguese guitar, this mournful yet powerful music reflects the emotions of sailors' wives waiting for their husbands to return.

The Museu do Fado details the history and cultural significance of this poignant musical tradition, offering visitors a deep dive into the heart of Portuguese heritage.
Related articles: Fado music

The Chafariz d’El Rei (king’s fountain) dates from the 13th century and supplied drinking water to ships moored on the banks of the Tejo. This fountain was on the outside of the city walls, while the Chafariz de Dentro (inside fountain) served the residences of Alfama and is in the Largo do Chafariz de Dentro (location 13).

The Casa dos Bicos, or "House of Spikes," is named after its distinctive façade adorned with diamond-shaped spikes. It was constructed in 1523 by the first Viceroy of India, who was inspired by similar "spiked" buildings in Italy and Spain. The top two floors were destroyed by the 1755 earthquake and were only restored in 1981. Today, it houses a museum that showcases artifacts from the Roman and Moorish periods and features exhibitions about the life and works of the renowned Portuguese author José Saramago.

Lisbon was a major Roman city, and beneath the streets of Alfama lie the remains of a Roman amphitheatre that once accommodated 5,000 spectators. Nearby, the Museu Teatro Romano offers a glimpse into this ancient past, showcasing numerous artifacts uncovered at the site. This small museum provides valuable insights into the city's Roman heritage and the amphitheatre's historical significance.

The remains of the Roman Amphitheatre in Lisbon

Alfama is generally a safe area of Lisbon, but common sense should be used, especially late at night. The biggest risk to most tourists are the pickpockets who operate on the packed trams.

Alfama is significantly safer for visitors than it was 10 years ago, due to the increase in tourism and foreign investment. However, this has come at the price of the community atmosphere, with locals struggling to afford to live here.

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